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The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marked a critical turning point in the European theater of World War II. The massive landing on France's coast had been meticulously planned for three years, and the Allies anticipated a quick and decisive defeat of the German forces. Many of the planners were surprised, however, by the length of time it ultimately took to defeat the Germans.
While much has been written about D-day, very little has been written about the crucial period from August to September, immediately after the invasion. In Rückzug, Joachim Ludewig draws on military records from both sides to show that a quick defeat of the Germans was hindered by excessive caution and a lack of strategic boldness on the part of the Allies, as well as by the Germans' tactical skill and energy. This intriguing study, translated from German, not only examines a significant and often overlooked phase of the war, but also offers a valuable account of the conflict from the perspective of the German forces.
- Sales Rank: #707641 in Books
- Brand: Brand: The University Press of Kentucky
- Published on: 2012-08-28
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.75" w x 1.50" l, 1.80 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 504 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"Much has been written in English on the Normandy invasion and campaign, as well as on later events, but virtually nothing is known of the crucial period from mid-August to mid-September 1944. Ludewig is the first historian to document in detail the Wehrmacht's retreat from France from the German perspective. He has produced a very solidly researched and documented study on a neglected area of the 1944 campaign in France. His analysis is clear and his explanations of German skill and missed Allied opportunities judicious."―Stephen G. Fritz, author of Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East
"The story of how the final offensive stalled for months. . . . Ludewig offers insight into a phase of the European theater that I had not read elsewhere."―Washington Times
"A detailed, comprehensive account of the Wehrmacht's retreat from France. In spite of the desperate conditions under which it was conducted, it allowed the Germans to reconstitute a front along the Reich's western frontier and continue the war into 1945 at terrible cost to everyone. This is a major contribution to the history of World War II."―Williamson Murray
"Ludewig has written a first-rate historical study that sheds important light on a critical period of World War II in western Europe. His solidly researched and well-documented book provides a much needed German perspective on planning and conduct of operations that has been lacking in English for far too long."―John T. Greenwood, editor of From Normandy to Victor:The War Diary of General Courtney H. Hodges and the First U.S. Army
"Authoritative, compelling, and very-well researched. Rückzug is an invaluable addition to our understanding of the European war in 1944-1945, offering a long, hard look at the other side of the hill."―Rick Atkinson, author of An Army at Dawn and The Day of Battle
"An excellent historical study of a course of events in need of explication."―New York Journal of Books
"Rückzug is an important book. It is the first serious study to focus on the six-week period from the Operation Dragoon landings on the Mediterranean coast in mid-August and the partial Allied victory at the Falaise pocket. . . . A professional and well-researched assessment of this surprisingly under-examined phase of World War II."―Anthony Beevor, Wall Street Journal
"Extensively documented from German sources, with this English edition edited by retired U.S. Army Major General Zabecki, this superior work is for all serious students of World War II military maneuvers."―Library Journal, starred review
"In Ruckzug, Joachim Ludewig, an official in the German defense ministry, who first published this newly translated study more than twenty years ago, describes the sudden collapse of German resistance in August 1944 and the headlong flight towards the German border... By stopping the story in September 1944, when the new front stabilised along the German and Dutch borders, he is writing a history of German military success and with it the possibility that absolute, unconditional defeat might have been avoided"―London Review of Books
"Ruckzug is a most valuable addition to the historiography of the North-West Europe campaign, giving us a most revealing account of how the Germans managed to snatch salvation out of the jaws of certain defeat. Deeply researched and well written, the book is highly recommended to anyone with an interest in the campaign. Both the author and David Zabecki, the editor, are to be much congratulated."―Journal of Military History
"The translation, documentation, and editing of this new contribution to military studies are uniformly excellent, and Ludewig is to be commended on the value of his work and its accessibility. The study makes fascinating reading and is recommended not only for miliatry collections, but also for general and academic libraries."―Geoffrey Orth, Yearbook of German-American Studies
""―
About the Author
Joachim Ludewig is an officer in the German Army Reserve. He currently serves as a civil servant in the German Defense Ministry.
Major General David T. Zabecki, AUS (Ret.), is the author of The German 1918 Offensives: A Case Study in the Operational Level of War and editor emeritus of Vietnam magazine. He holds the Shifrin Distinguished Chair in Military and Naval History at the United States Naval Academy and is also an Honorary Senior Research Fellow in the War Studies Programme at the University of Birmingham (United Kingdom).
Most helpful customer reviews
36 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
A competent command level summary with analysis of the fighting in the summer of 1944 in Western Europe.
By Dave Schranck
The author begins his book by stating the premise for writing it. Mr Ludewig believes the campaign in Normandy like in the Ardennes and along the West Wall later in the year has been documented satisfactorily while the events in August and September could be further studied and documented. He also states while there is some coverage of the Allies, the primary focus of this book will be from the German perspective. With these stated parameters, I thought the book was a five star effort. If you're looking for prominent attention on the Allied side or unabridge coverage of the entire last half of 1944 you may be disappointed.
If your main concern is the Allied position you would be better off reading books by Carlo D'Este, Adam Smith, John Prados, Ken Ford, Martin Blumenson for their coverage is more comprehensive in this area. However if you have already read those books and are looking for more on the German side then "Ruckzug" is clearly the book you want.
The book begins by summing up the political and military situation leading up to the Overlord and Dragoon invasions from both sides. The lack of organization and coordination between OB West, its commanders and Berlin is clearly covered. The disruptive influence of Hitler is shown numerous times. His insistence on the offensive and refusal to consider a pullback when it was necessary are well documented. In addition Kluge, Model, Rundstedt, Blaskowitz, Zangen and others are frequently discussed as well. As the story is told you will see that the German field commanders foresaw much of the Allied tactics but due to a lack of men, weapons and fuel or the baring of the use of panzers or of the other restrictions placed on them by Hitler or finally the overwhelming superiority of the Allied Air Force, were unable to respond appropriately or sufficiently in many circumstances.
On the Allied position, important information is covered but just not to the same depth or breadth as the German perspective. The importance of a successful Dragoon Operation and how it could influence the Overlord operation is emphasized as well as the eventual pullback by Army Group G. The securing of several ports along Brittany and the Med is also highlighted. The Allied disaster of not quickly gaining control of the Scheldt and utilizing Antwerp is also given attention. The Falaise Gap is only lightly covered but the author does admit the Allied Commander's lax attention to it cost them a golden opportunity to shorten the war. Errors made by both sides are highlighted. Coverage of Allied Commanders is modest.
In addition to Army Group G coverage the 15th Army north of the Seine in the early days of Normandy as well as the affect of the Allies crossing the Seine in August is also covered well as is the recovery of the rest of Army Group B after crossing the Seine.
Though this is a summary, there are many details like divisions involved, defensive positions, casualties of men and panzers and through it all the author provides reasons and analysis why and how events happened. I would hazard to say that even experienced students may learn some new things on the German position.
The final chapter, the Conclusion ties everything together. Though the Allies had been kept in check for much of June and July, by August the German Armies were on a precipice and were in danger of imploding but with the pullback north of the Seine to the West Wall and with the shortening of the line, the Germans got it together and for the rest of the year would give the Allies a difficult time.
There are also 25 informative general purpose maps that will help your understanding of the coverage. A few pointers are provided throughout the book to direct you to study the proper map that relates with the narrative. There is also a small but excellent photo gallery of key German officers; most photos I've haven't seen before.
Besides a noteworthy story, the author provides an extensive 90 page Notes Section and an impressive Bibliography of mostly primary sources but also a few secondary sources as well. If you're looking for further research, these two sections will be of great help. An Index closes the book.
It seems apparent that Mr Ludewig has studied this sector and time period extensively and delivers an overall noteworthy presentation and analysis, especially from the German side and if that's where your interest lies then you should consider this book.
14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent new WW2 book
By Daniel S. Palter
The core thesis of this book is that while Normandy through Falaise has been extensively covered in WW2 literature, there does not exist a definitive account of the great pursuit across France that followed, especially from the German POV. This book remedies this in a most excellent fashion. The account is strategic with significant operational detail. A few engagements are handled at the tactical level but mostly this book takes the larger view, concentrating on command decisions, logistics and conflicts between levels of command. The Allied side is covered more in a sense of missed opportunities as the Allies consistently underperform relative to German expectations, especially as regards the failure to exploit the seizure of Antwerp by making the clearing of the Scheldt a priority and allowing the German army task force G to escape from southern France mostly intact. The book also shows that from the end of August into the autumn Hitler sent the bulk of his last callup of divisions west not east. Hitler regarded the Western Front as the decisive sector and allocated his resources accordingly. The book end with the return to positional warfare as the mobile phase of the campaign ended. This is an excellent addition to any WW2 library and has value besides that as a study of higher command in mobile warfare.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Fills a gap in the history of World War II, with minor faults
By G. BILHARTZ
This was a truly enlightening read. I've read countless books on the Allied invasion and this one definitely fills a gap on the subject. Events moved so fast from Operation Cobra, the elimination of the Falaise Pocket, and the Operation Dragoon landings in southern France, that many books effectively recount those events then suddenly appear at the West Wall as if teleported. This is the first book that takes a serious look at the intervening six weeks--and from the German perspective no less. I've often wondered about the fate of the German troops based in the south and southwest of France and have only discovered with this book the amazing story of their withdrawal back to a new defensive line in eastern France. The book does not give an account of the travails of the individual Wehrmacht or Allied soldiers. Rather it is mainly an operational level narrative, and it excels in its telling for a book focused on that level. In Ludewig's telling, the Germans, seasoned by five years of war, including three on the Eastern Front, were definitely the betters of the Allies, even the British. But for missed opportunities and the cautious advances of the Allies, combined with the inevitable negotiating of democratic allies, the Allies just might have won the war by the end of 1944. Ludewig does an excellent job of laying out the opportunities, the perils, and dumb luck on both sides that combined to extend the war another six months.
A few niggles. The book provides two dozen maps, but they are all concentrated in one section, and must constantly be flipped to for reference. They are also at times scaled too big and at times too small for the narrative. Inline maps would be a better solution, and perhaps a few more of them. I've lived in Germany and France for a total of nearly eight years and still had trouble keeping the locations straight. The translation is generally very good but a couple of items were a bit distracting. Contrary to both German grammar and English use of proper names, the book insists on calling Hitler the "führer" instead of the "Führer", even though a German tank is consistently described properly as a "Panzer" (though "Panzers" isn't quite German or English). The book also takes to using the German rather than the native name for some towns, such as Strassburg (Strasbourg) and Lüttich (Liège). I know the difference, but the average American reader will be challenged by the gazetteer variations.
All in all a very useful addition to the history of World War II. I expect it will be a source of future works on the war for its exhaustive use of primary sources, especially from the German side.
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